The International Journal of Nursing and Medical Research (IJNMR) is firmly committed to preserving the accuracy, reliability, and academic integrity of every article it publishes. Any corrections, updates, or retractions made whether on the IJNMR website or within already published manuscripts are carried out in strict accordance with the guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) for retractions and related editorial actions. By following these internationally recognized standards, IJNMR ensures that the scholarly record remains transparent, trustworthy, and ethically maintained.