First aid Heimlich Maneuver: Choking Prevention
Jyothi L
Kempegowda College of Nursing, Bengaluru, Karnataka.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: jyothigowdapediatric@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Choking or acute air route obstruction in which air is not allowed to reach lungs and keeping the person in difficult situation often primarily noticed people who are near to them and later attended peoples who are working in hospital. Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a foremost root of accidental death in children less than one year old /infant and 7% of children death occurring in less than four year age. Many times in our localities we usually hear the child is dead because og aspirating the objects. But we know these types of incidents are avoidable. Causes of choking vary according to the stage of developmental individual age and altered precautionary and controlling strategies. Some studies showed that more than four hundred death due to not able to breath properly and their delay in reaching the health centers. Most children problems is using air balloon for playing which have led to suffocation in child age below three years of about sixty five percentage. Of advanced persons age are also at potential of getting suffers of obstruction but bereavement rate is more related to consumption of food resulting in choking is more in senior citizens when compared to kids aged between 1-4 years. The study done by Dolkas et al showed that 133 adults aged above 18 years who expired for the reason of choking. It also revealed that fourteen percent of adults were consuming liquor at the time of choking. Kerala 18 month child died because of having murukku. But children’s are always innocent were they don’t know the extent of problem may persist and its duty of others to have keen observation. So Heimlich maneuver training of the care givers and public in identifying the high-risk factors and training them in prevention and early intervention can improve outcomes and reduction in choking in children’s as well. When we are saying the community all kinds of peoples who can manage the situation comes into account. Teenagers plays an important role in helping the people to minimize the problems associated with choking and news are reported that their time sense have saved their friends and others from being the victim of choking. In the developed countries, Basic Life Support (BLS) courses and First Aid courses were routinely done by public. But now even developing countries are contributing their interest to bring awareness in publics.
KEYWORDS: Choking, Foreign Body Aspiration, First Aid, Heimlich Maneuver, Basic Life Support.
INTRODUCTION:
Foreign body aspiration happens when an extraneous bulk enters the airway which can cause struggle breathing or choking. Stuffs like food or something unexpectedly introduced things like beads or rubber must reach digestive tract via mouth or nose but unfortunately these enters to the respiratory tract respiratory tract or wind pipe which is the passage for airway result in condition called as aspiration. In this situation it makes us to use technique.
Heimlich maneuver:
Abdominal thrusts is the another name for the Heimlich maneuver (HM) used, because here one has to give thrust in the above stomach area. This is a speedy and survival technique; practice it on awake individuals was he can’t able to take air by his effort. Dr. Henry Heimlich invented the Heimlich maneuver in 1974. He revealed that the residual air in individual’s chest may perhaps utilized to permitted (dislocate) a distant item from their air way using rapid, mounting thrusts underneath breast mid vertical bone. Sometimes, one should observe for their breathing and speaking which may become feebler and weaker and can only heard gasping sounds coming out. People habitually use the sign representation — keeping their hands raised and grappling their neck. If somebody is gifted to communicate, try to take out obstacle by continuously coughing or respire, attempt for HM should not be initiated. Inspire the individual to hang onto gag. Many times this can liberty the piece. Heimlich maneuver should only performed in those person’s life is in danger.
Steps:
1. A rescuer should stay back the victim and place their hands encircling suffocating person belly.
2. Helping person should create a fist by tightening and catch the supportive other hand forcefully up on it.
3. See that the rescuer should keep the thumbed portion toward suffering person ribcage just above their tummy knob two inches.
4. Gradually and speedily apply pressure on the hands of supporter inward and upward five times.
5. Replication of this process should be continued until dislodge of the object stuck in their windpipe comes out, or the individual becomes out cold. If the casualty becomes unconscious, one should flinch cardio pulmonary resuscitation.
On Babies:
This is not suggested much for kids below 1 year or earlier. Instead, one can follow behind hit also called as back blows technique on babies.
1. Infant should to turn in opposite direction to rescuer. Here the baby chest should rest on the supporter forearm. But to have adequate support thigh can also be used. Position the baby head lower than the body.
2. With the help of heel rescuer should strike the infants between baby’s shoulder blades. The pressure of strikes should be given 5. The skill of hit must be strong but not much which may induce damage.
3. While performing this method one should always frequently witness the mouth of the baby to confirm anything visible objects seen.
4. If baby’s windpipe remains obstructed, flip the kid face higher but head should lean down. Five inside and upside chest thrust about half or one and half inches should be given by fingers that is second and middle onto the baby’s upper body in between.
5. Once again check for identifiable substances again in the mouth of child. Recurrence this practice until obstructed article is unbound or dislodge. If the infant losing its awareness, start CPR.
Toddlers and Children:
Younger children less than 5 years old or weight less than 20 kilograms, practice of performing will be changed slightly. The thrust should be applied less forcefully then in adults. To keep this in smooth way rescuer should kneel or align the height of toddler by bending themselves behind the child with adequate support.
Pregnant people or those with obesity
Individuals who are expectant or have obsessed will take delivery of this in a somewhat varied method. As an alternative of forcing on their abdomen, place the stabs on their breastbone.
Our self:
1. We should Make a tight fist with one hand and clasp our other hand tightly around it.
2. Place the thumb side of fist just below our ribcage and about two inches above our umbilicus point.
3. With becoming panic we should give a Sharp and quick thrust by our hands inward and upward five times.
4. This as to be repeats this manner until we are free and feel easy to breath.
5. This can also tried our self in another way. Slightly bending on stool edge do the process.
6. Fast and quick the procedure to be done by applying pressure by edge on our upper area of abdomen.
Risks of the Heimlich maneuver:
Any procedure should be trained before performing well. The steps of performing should be practiced in orderly manner. The technique use to apply pressure should be self-monitored so one will not apply more pressure or less press. if the age and condition is not considered correctly then one can end this procedure with additional health risk. As this is an emergency and instant procedure to be performed all the individuals who are at understanding and performing level should practice this. To avoid any serious harm to the victim the supporter should apply little sense of anatomy while performing.
1. Ribs can be broken if pressure and thrust direction are not correctly initiated.
2. Holes can be created in the gastrointestinal tract.
3. Bleeding in the area result in inflammation.
1. At any time don’t leave a children alone unattended while playing or eating. Always one should supervise is almost necessary.
2. While consuming food child should be made to sit in supine position. While giving soft liquid for children’s and who can’t able to chew, their head should be supported too little high than the body area.
3. Children with distinct health need care to be handled as because they are vulnerable to choking risks.
4. Because of more work and active, usually Children want to complete their plate in hurry. They should have a calm, unhurried meal use their snack time completely for emptying the food.
5. Make sure kids have their food at one place and not allowing them to carry their food in mid o their food. Sometimes children diverted mind led them to slip their food into their air pipe.
6. Cut foods according to child consuming age pattern and development into small pieces, take out seeds. Cooking or steaming green leafy vegetables to soften their texture.
7. Offer mouthful of liquids in-between meals. Plenty of liquids to children keeps mucous not dried and allow food to move smoothly without obstructing in middle.
8. Habit only a lesser quantity of cheese when the child alone consuming as it may stick on roof of palate and don’t allow food to move easily.
9. More precise responsiveness should be taken to those consuming items, figurines and domestic things which may hazardous to child safety.
10. Educating about choking hazards and skill making in Identify emergency resources and contacts.
1. Meats rolls, sausages, and bones of fish.
2. Popcorn, chips, nuggets.
3. Candy
4. Jelly beans
5. Whole vegetables like carrot and fruits like grapes
6. Dried fruits, all nuts including Peanut butter applied on bread can stick.
1. Stuffing from a bean bag chair,
2. Rings,
3. Earrings,
4. Crayons,
5. Erasers,
6. Staples,
7. Safety pins,
8. Small stones,
9. Any object written off as potential choking hazard
10. Balloons
11. Coins
12. Marbles,
13. Toys with small parts,
14. Small balls,
15. Pen or marker caps,
16. Button type batteries,
17. Medicine syringes,
18. Screws.
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Received on 28.04.2024 Revised on 13.11.2024 Accepted on 15.04.2025 Published on 23.05.2025 Available online from May 26, 2025 A and V Pub Int. J. of Nursing and Med. Res. 2025; 4(2):103-105. DOI: 10.52711/ijnmr.2025.21 ©A and V Publications All right reserved
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