INTRODUCTION:

BACKGROUND:

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose and either insufficient or ineffective insulin. It arises because the body is unable to produce enough insulin for its own needs, either because of impaired insulin secretion, impaired insulin action or both. Diabetes affects a variety of people of all races, ages, and nations. Well controlled diabetes reduces the risk of diabetes from developing.

However with consistently elevated blood glucose readings it can lead to the development of vision loss, blindness, end stage renal disease and in some cases premature death.

Globally, an estimated 422 million adults are living with diabetes mellitus, according to World health organization (WHO). It occurs throughout the world, but is more common in the more developed countries. The greatest increase in prevalence is, however, occurring in low- and middle-income countries, where most patients will probably be found by 2030.

PROBLEM TITLE:

A cross sectional study to Asses the knowledge on risk factors of diabetes among rural elderly at Pillahalli village, Mysuru.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the knowledge regarding risk factors of diabetes among Rural elderly at Pillahalli village, Mysuru

2. To determine the association between the Knowledge on risk factors of diabetes among Rural elderly at Pillahalli Village Mysuru with their selected personal variables.

HYPOTHESES:

H1- There will be significant association between the knowledge regarding Risk Factors Of Diabetes among Urban elderly at Pillahalli village Mysuru with their selected personal variables.

Conceptual Frame Work:

The conceptual framework used for this study was health Belief Model.

Assumptions:

1. Rural Elderly may have some knowledge on Risk Factors of Diabetes.

Delimitation:

Study is delimited to those who are residing in Rural community Pillahalli village Under Varuna PHC at Mysuru dist.

METHODOLOGY:

Research Approach:

Quantitative approach was adopted for this present study.

Research Design:

Descriptive design was adopted for present study

Keys:

Variables of the Study:

Research variable; knowledge regarding Risk factors of Diabetes

Other variables: Selected personal variables viz., age, gender educational qualification, religion and having diabetes.

Sources of the Data:

Setting of the Study:

The present study was conducted at Pillahalli village under Varuna PHC, Mysuru.

Population:

Population comprised of Rural elderly at Pillahalli Mysuru.

Sample and Sampling:

Rural elders were selected as samples for the present study at Pillahalli village, Mysuru.

Sampling Technique:

Non- probability convenient sampling technique was used for the study to select 60 rural elderly at Pillahalli of Mysuru.

SAMPLING CRITERIA:

Inclusion criteria:

Urban elders who are:

· Rural elderly who meets inclusion criteria.

· Rural elderly who diagnosed, recently diagnosed and not diagnosed also will be included in this study.

· Available during the period of data collection.

· Willing to participate in the study

Exclusion criteria:

· Urban elders who are not willing to participate the study.

· Type I Diabetis mellitus patients.

DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTS:

Development of tool:

The tool was developed through following steps:

1. Review of research and non research literature related to diabetis.

2. Opinion of experts from the nursing department.

Description of Tool

The tool consists of two sections.

Section A: Consists of Proforma for selected personal variables of respondents seeking information such as age, gender, educational status, previous exposure to educational program me on diabetes.

Section B: Includes structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge on risk factors on diabetes.

Grades will be assigned as mentioned below:

· < 50 Inadequate knowledge

· 50-75 moderate knowledge

· > 75 adequate knowledge

CONTENT VALIDITY:

The tool was given to 6 experts in nursing field and 1 Statistician to establish content validity. There was 100% agreement by all experts. However there were few suggestions to modify some questions and they were incorporated in the final draft.

RELIABILITY:

The reliability was established through split half method by administering it to 30 rural elderly at pillahalli Mysuru dist. Co efficient correlation was 0.72. Hence the tool was found to be reliable by using karlpearson correlation formula.

PROCEDURE FOR THE DATA COLLECTION:

Permission for conducting the study was obtained from consent authority the data was collected. An informed consent was obtained from each subject to indicate their willingness to participate in the study. The data collection process was terminated after thanking each respondent for their participation and their co operation.

RESULTS:

SECTION 1 Description of selected personal variables of study subjects.

Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution on risk factor elderly according to their selected personal variables. n = 50

SL.

Demography

Category

Respondents

frequency

Percent (%)

01.

Age(years)

.>35

35-45

45-55

55 and above

16.00%

34.00%

36.00%

14.00%

02.

Sex

Male

Female

82.00%

18.00%

03.

Religion

Hindu

Muslim

Christine

100%

04.

Type of Family

Nuclear

Joint

78.00%

22.00%

05.

Education

Illiterates

Primary

Higher secondary

PUC and above

18.00%

22.00%

6.00%

54.00%

06.

Income

<10000

Rs 10000-20000

Rs.>20000

2.00%

6.00%

92.00%

Awareness on risk factors of diabetes,

100

SECTION -2 Frequency and percentage distribution of rural elderly according to their level of knowledge.

Table 2: Frequency and percentage distribution of rural elderly according to their level of knowledge

		n=50
Knowledge level	f (%)	(%)
Adequate Knowledge (<13)	48	96.00%
Moderate Knowledge (13-20)	02	4.00%
Inadequate Knowledge (>20)	00	00%

Table 3: Mean, median, standard deviation, scores n=50

Aspects

Maximum

Score

Range

Score

Mean

Score

Mean%

01.

knowledge

26-30

29.31

58.62%

5.07

SECTION- 3

Association between the level of knowledge regarding risk factors of among Urban Elderly with their selected personal variables.

To find out the association between the levels of knowledge on risk factors of with their personal variables such as age. Gender, education, religious, income and awareness programme. chi square was computed and following hypothesis is stated.

H01: There is a significant association between the knowledge regarding risk factors of among rural elderly with their selected personal variables:

Calculated chi square value showed that there was a significant association found between the knowledge on risk factors of diabetes with their selected personal variables such as age, Gender. Occupation, religious, income, education programme, Hence the hypothesis is accepted and it is inferred that there is a significant association between knowledge on risk factors of diabetes with their selected personal variable.

IMPLICATIONS:

The findings of present study have implications for nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research.

Nursing practice:

It is important to create the awareness on risk factors of diabetes mellitus in Geographical area and those who diagnosed as diabetes must have knowledge positive attitude to manage with this problem. Hence it is importance for prevention of have knowledge regarding risk factors of diabetes mellitus.

Nursing education:

Education is the key component to update and change the knowledge of an people. The nurse educator can conduct the educational programme in community setting about awareness risk factor of Diabetes to change import their knowledge to manage diabetes.

Nursing administration:

Nursing administrator is the key person to plan, organize and conduct educational programme. Nurse administrators can encourage the Rural elderly to participate in educational intervention on risk factor to manage in early stage itself.

Nursing research:

The topic has great relevance to the present day in public health. The study stresses on the need for extensive research in the subject and for more implication to improve the knowledge to prevent diabetes.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

1. Similar study can be carried out on a large scale to generalize the findings.

2. A Similar study can be conducted in other population.

3. A comparative study can be conducted between Urban Elderly.

CONCLUSION:

It was concluded that many people have adequate knowledge on risk factors of diabetes followed by average, none of them is having inadequate knowledge on risk factors of diabetes in that pillahalli villages. Study finding also emphasizes the there is a significance association between the level of knowledge, gender, religious, income and awareness programme with their selected personnel demographic variable.

ACKNOWLWDGEMENT:

It’s my pleasure and privilege to express my deepsense of gratitude to Sri R Mahesh, Director of Medical Education Division. JSS Mahavidyapheta, Ashwathy Devi Principal JSS College of Nursing Mysuru. Special thanks to my wife Ashwini and son Alish Raj for their constant support.

REFERENCE:

1. Basavanthappa BT (2005) “Nursing Research” (1^st edition) Jaypee publishers.

2. Hungler P Bernadette. Essentials of Nursing Research: Methods, Appraisal and Utilization. 5th edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott;

3. Park. Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine. 19^th edition. Jabalpur: Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers. 2007.

4. available from URL https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus

5. https://www.mohfw.gov.in/

6. https://www.awarenessdays.com

Received on 21.06.2024 Revised on 16.07.2024

Accepted on 30.07.2024 Published on 30.11.2024

Available online on December 31, 2024

A and V Pub Int. J. of Nursing and Med. Res. 2024; 3(4):177-180.

DOI: 10.52711/ijnmr.2024.40