INTRODUCTION:

Cancer is a part of life that may or may not enter your life. Don’t take it as the full stop; rather, take it as a comma and start a new beginning.

“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” – According to WHO

Oral cancer includes cancers of the mouth and the back of the throat. Most cancer found in the mouth in oral squamous cell carcinoma. This disease is uncommon in the developed world, expect part of France, but it is common in the developing world, oral cancer typically, seen in men past medical age, Tobacco users, and members of lower socioeconomics groups.¹

Global burden the incidence of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma is 3% in United States of America whereas it is 30% in India and other Asian countries. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 48,000 Americans develop oral cancer every year and 8500 people die of the disease annually.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, according to the World Health Organization. In 2018 alone, it accounted for an estimated 9.6 million deaths, with approximately 70% occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The true burden might be much more than reported as cancer registries in LMICs are estimated to represent less than 10% of the actual population.

Indian burden India records more than 1,00,000 cases of oral cavity cancers every year. India has the highest prevalence of oral cancer in the world (19/100, 000 population). It is the most common cancer in men and the third most common cancer in women, and constitutes 13%–16% of all cancers. Of all the oral cancers, 95% are related to the use of tobacco products.

A 5-year survival rate for Africa America men with oral cancer is approximately 34%. With early detection and treatment, the 5-year survival rate can increase up to 85%. even oral cancer is typically a disease of older people (60-70), usually because of their longer exposure to risk factors, Global incidence of cancer is 10 million, with 6 million death (Sikora, 1999). Each year, oral cancer kills more people in US than, does cervical cancer, malignant melanoma, or Hodgkin’s disease.²

Worldwide, oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer, representing about 5.5% of all malignancies and approximately 2% of all cancer death. However, the worldwide incidence of oral cancer varies (India and Brazil = 40%).³

In this study the former is associated with a more favorable prognosis. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of HPV+ OPSCC, focusing on how our increasing knowledge of disease biology has informed clinical practice and is guiding the pursuit of improved treatments.⁴

Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers and it constitutes a major health problem particularly in developing countries. It is one of the leading causes of death. Tobacco and alcohol consumption appears to be the major determinants of oral cancer.⁵

BACKGROUND OF STUDY:

To determine the prevalence and clinical pathologic features of the oral cancer patients. There is substantial lack in the knowledge about oral cancer among adolescence. Unfortunately, there is gross lack of information on oral cancer, this is the situation is made worse by the increasing use of tobacco chewing, smoking, and consumption of alcohol. Therefore there is a need to increase knowledge about oral cancer may develop practices in there present and future life.⁶

Tobacco use and alcohol are known risk factors for cancers of the oral cavity. Estimates indicate 57% of all men and 11% of women between 15–49 years of age use some form of tobacco. Besides smoking, use of smokeless tobacco is also widely prevalent as noted, the use of Betel quid, also referred to as pan consist of pieces of areca nut, processed or unprocessed tobacco, aqueous calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), and some spices wrapped in the leaf of piper betel vine leaf. This is very common and is accepted socially and culturally in many parts of India. Additionally, gutka, zarda, kharra, mawa, and khainni are all dry mixtures of lime, areca nut flakes, and powdered tobacco custom mixed by vendors. In recent years, commercially available sachets of premixed areca nut, lime, condiments with or without powdered tobacco have become very popular, particularly among younger Indians. Typically, the pan or Ghutka is kept in the cheek and chewed or sucked for 10–15 minutes, with some users keeping it in overnight.⁷

Oral cancer (OC) is usually diagnosed at advanced clinical stages due to its asymptomatic nature and absence of pathognomonic signs in its early development phase. Delayed diagnosis is one of the major causes of OC treatment failure and poor prognosis. Development of alternative diagnostic approaches are imperative for improving early detection and therapeutic success rates. Salivary cytokines (SC) have been studied as potential diagnostic biomarkers for OC and may represent a potential tool for improvement of its early detection.⁸

Oral leukoplakia is a relatively common oral lesion that, in a small proportion of people, precedes the development of oral cancer. Most leukoplakias are asymptomatic; therefore, the primary objective of treatment should be to prevent onset of cancer. This review updates our previous review, published in 2006.⁹

Whether patients with early-stage oral cancers should be treated with elective neck dissection at the time of the primary surgery or with therapeutic neck dissection after nodal relapse has been a matter of debate.¹⁰

NEED OF STUDY:

Oral cancer is an important global healthcare problem, its incidence is increasing and late-stage presentation is common. Screening programmes have been introduced for a number of major cancers and have proved effective in their early detection. Given the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with oral cancer, there is a need to determine the effectiveness of a screening programme for this disease, either as a targeted, opportunistic or population-based measure. Evidence exists from modelled data that a visual oral examination of high-risk individuals may be a cost-effective screening strategy and the development and use of adjunctive aids and biomarkers is becoming increasingly common.¹¹

The purpose of the present study was to examine the educational needs of patients regarding early detection of oral cancer. The researcher during their posting in Hospital wards and Community setting for clinical experience witnessed that many of the problems of oral cancer develop due to their lack of knowledge and excitement for addiction. Hence the researcher is fascinated to take up the project as a part of research work to educate the Adolescence about oral cancer.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

A study to asses knowledge and effectiveness of video Teaching program regarding oral cancer among adolescence in Rural area of Akola.

OBJECTIVES:

· To assess the pre-test knowledge regarding video teaching program regarding oral cancer among adolescence.

· To assess the post-test knowledge regarding video teaching program regarding oral cancer among adolescence.

· To evaluate the effectiveness of Video Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding oral cancer among adolescence

· To associate the post-test knowledge score regarding effectiveness of video teaching program regarding oral cancer among adolescence with selected demographic variables.

HYPOTHESIS:

· H1: There will be significant difference in pretest and post-test knowledge regarding oral cancer among adolescence.

· H01: There will be no significant difference in pretest and post-test knowledge regarding oral cancer among adolescence.

· H2: There will be significant association between posttest knowledge regarding oral cancer among adolescence with selected demographical variable.

· H02: There will be no significant association between posttest knowledge regarding oral cancer among adolescence with selected demographical variable.

Research approach: Quantitative non experimental research approach

Setting of the study: Gitanjali School, kanheri (sarap), village, Akola

Population: Adolescence

Sample size: 60

MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY:

28.30% of adolescence were in the age group of 10-12 years, 23.30% of them were in the age group of 13-15 years and 48.30% of them were in the age group of 16-18 years. 53.30% of adolescence were Hindus, 21.7% of them were Muslim and 25% of adolescence were belonging to other religion 68. 75% of adolescence were from nuclear families and 25% of them were from joint families. 71.70% of adolescence were male and 28.30% of them were females. 28.30% of adolescence were studying in 7th standard, 23.30% in 8th standard, 15% in 9th standard and 33.30% in 10th standard. 8.30% of adolescence were having monthly family income of less than 10000 Rs, 25% of them had between 10000-15000 Rs, 45% of them had between 15000-20000 Rs and 21.70% of adolescence had monthly family income of more than 20000 Rs.

The findings shows that 40% of adolescence had poor level of knowledge score, 56.67% had average and 3.33% of adolescence had good level of knowledge score. Minimum knowledge score in pretest was 4 and maximum knowledge score was 13. Mean knowledge score in pretest was 7.15±1.92 and mean percentage of knowledge score was 29.79±8. The finding shows that each 3.33% of adolescence had poor and average level of knowledge score, 83.33% of them had good and 10% of them had excellent level of knowledge score. Minimum knowledge score in post-test was 4 and maximum knowledge score was 20. Mean knowledge score in posttest was 16.05±2.93 and mean percentage of knowledge score was 66.87±12.21

From the statistical analysis it was clear that the level of knowledge is divided under following heading poor, average, good, and excellent shows that 40% of adolescence had poor level of knowledge score, 56.67% had average and 3.33% of adolescence had good level of knowledge score 71 Minimum knowledge score in pretest was 4 and maximum knowledge score was 13. Mean knowledge score in pretest was 7.15±1.92 and mean percentage of knowledge score was 29.79±8. It is interpreted that the all-demographic variable are found to be non significant. Significance of difference between Knowledge score in pre and post test of Adolescence aged 10-18 years is found to be significant.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

On the basis of the findings of the study, it is recommended that the following studies can be conducted:

· The study may be repeated by taking large sample of adolescence.

· A comparative study to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding prevalent factors of oral cancer should be done.

· A similar study should be done by using control group should be done.

· A comparative study to assess the knowledge and effectiveness of rural as well as urban adolescence should be done.

· A comparative study to assess the knowledge and effectiveness of parents regarding the attitude of oral cancer about life style changes

REFERENCE:

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2. https://www.slideshare.net/UDDent/oral-cancer-30317627?from_m_app=android

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8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343197634_Salivary_cytokines_as_biomarkers_of_oral_cancer_a_systematic_review

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Received on 23.02.2024 Modified on 01.04.2024

A and V Pub Int. J. of Nursing and Medical Res. 2024; 3(3):131-134.

DOI: 10.52711/ijnmr.2024.30