A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Government Nutritional Programme for Children Mong Anganwadi Workers in Selected Rural Areas at Wankaner

Ms. Nerisha Badi¹, Mrs. Rani Jeyasudha², Dr. Jeenath Justin Doss K.³

¹II Year M.Sc. Nursing Community Health Nursing,

Shri Anand Institute of Nursing Opp. Ghanteshwar Park, B/H Shainik Society, Jamnagar Road, Rajkot- 360006.

²Guide, Shri Anand Institute of Nursing Opp. Ghanteshwar Park, B/H Shainik Society,

Jamnagar Road, Rajkot- 360006.

³Principal, Shri Anand Institute of Nursing Opp. Ghanteshwar Park, B/H Shainik Society,

Jamnagar Road, Rajkot- 360006.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: nerishabadi786@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

A study to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding government nutritional programme for children among anganwadi workers in selected rural areas at Wankaner. The objective of the study was (a) To assess the pre-test level of knowledge regarding government nutritional programme for Children among anganwadi workers in selected rural areas at Wankaner. (b) To evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding government nutritional programme for Children among anganwadi workers in selected rural areas at Wankaner. (c)To find out the association between selected demographic variable and pre-test level of knowledge regarding government nutritional programme among anganwadi workers in selected rural areas at Wankaner. The research design adopted was One Group Pre-test & Post-test design. The study had been conducted in selected rural areas at Wankaner. Non probability sampling technique had been adopted to select the desired samples. The sample size was 40. As a part of intervention, a structured teaching programmed on knowledge regarding government nutritional programme for children was provided to anganwadi workers for 30 minutes and the data was collected by structured interview with set of questionnaires that is administered to assess the level of knowledge regarding government nutritional programme for children among anganwadi workers The data were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistical method paired ‘t’ test was used to evaluating the effectiveness of Structured teaching programmed on knowledge regarding government nutritional programme for children among anganwadi workers. The obtained value 10.45, which shows highly significant at the level of p<0.001. There is significant association between demographic variables such as age, area of residence, marital status with post-test level of knowledge regarding government nutritional programme for children among anganwadi workers. The study concluded that the structured teaching programme was effectiveness in improving of knowledge regarding government nutritional programme for children among anganwadi workers.

KEYWORDS: Effectiveness, government nutritional programme, anganwadi workers.

INTRODUCTION:

“One of the best aspects of health care reforms is, it starts to emphasize prevention”

Food security has been a major goal of development policy in India which is still ranked 63^rdin the Global Hunger Index (GHI) of 2013. Though, India overcame the Malthusian theory of food shortage by the green, white, and yellow revolution, the fact remains that 17% of the adults are undernourished and about half of our Children under 5 years of age are undernourished. The major public health problems related to nutrition are low birth weight, protein energy malnutrition (PEM), Nutritional anemia, iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), endemic fluoric, lathyrism etc. Nutritional problems affected a substantial proportion of the population, particularly women and Children. In this context, the Government of India took pioneering steps to formulate national programs to combat macro and micro nutrient under nutrition.¹

These programs have evolved on the basis of research studies in the country, taking into account, the magnitude of the Nutritional problems, ecological factors responsible, and feasible interventions that could be implemented within the existing infrastructure². Over the past 15 years India's economic growth rate has been unprecedented from 6% in the 1990s to 8% in real gross domestic product in 2000-2010 according to International Monetary Fund. However, the economic growth has not been associated with corresponding reductions in the rates of childhood under nutrition. There is a wide gap in food production and consumption. The achievement of macro food grain security at the national level did not reach the household and the level off security in India is still high. Micronutrient deficiencies, called hidden hunger, are also widespread in India. Deficiencies of iodine, iron, folic acid, vitamin A, and zinc are the leading five causes of micronutrient deficiencies which constitute a global public health problem. In India, more than 75% of preschool Children suffer from iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). More than half (52%) of all married women aged 15-49 years have some degree of anaemia, with the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women even higher (up to 87%). More than half (57%) of preschool Children have sub-clinical Vitamin A deficiency (VAD). Iodine deficiency is endemic in 85% of districts.³

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

The experience on which this chapter is based comes from a considerable number of national and large-scale programs. Most of these programs include both nutrition and health activities, aimed particularly at the health and survival of reproductive-age women and Children. We draw on these experiences as we try to put forward principles on which future programs can be based—programs that may have broader health objectives for other population groups and diseases.⁴

As of 2012, some 19 percent of global deaths were among Children—and 99 percent of all child deaths took place in low- and middle-income countries. The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost attributed to zero- to four-year-olds—plus maternal and prenatal conditions, nutrition deficiencies, and endocrine disorders—amount to 42 percent of the total disease burden (all ages, both sexes) from all causes for developing regions. CHNPs address about 40 percent of the disease burden. In terms of prevention estimated that eliminating malnutrition would remove one-third of the global disease burden. Comparative studies by and have reemphasized malnutrition as the predominant risk factor and improvement of nutrition as playing a potentially major role in reducing the burden. Clinical deficiencies contribute directly to malnutrition, but even more, malnutrition is a risk factor for infectious diseases. Furthermore, changes in child malnutrition levels in developing countries are closely related to the countries' mortality trends.⁵

Children below 6 years of age are generally called as pre-schoolers. Growth and development of Children till the age of 5-6 years is very important. Nutrition play a key role in maintaining proper growth and development among the Children. Lack of nutritious diet and malnutrition may adversely affect the growth and development of a child. Government of India launched many Nutritional programs such as Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS), Supplementary Nutrition Programme, Special Nutritional Programme, National Nutritional Anaemia Prophylaxis Programme, National Goitre Control Programme, Mid-day Meal Programme, Applied Nutrition Programme, Wheat Based Programme, Balwadi nutrition Programme, National Programme for prevention of blindness due to vitamin A deficiency are mainly focusing on Children with an objective to develop good Nutritional and health status of the Children, to reduce the prevalence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school dropout and also to put a groundwork for proper psychological, physical and social development of a child. Anganwadi are the part of Indian public health care system especially in rural or village areas.⁵

An Anganwadi normally covers 1000 population in both rural and urban areas and in tribal area it covers a population of 700. An Anganwadi workers helps to implement the function of Anganwadi mainly by providing preschool activities such as non-formal preschool education, provision of supplementary nutrition, implementing ICDS programs, assisting and arrange immunization programs and health check-ups and also help to identify and provide referral service to the sick child. Therefore, the investigator felt the Anganwadi workers should have good Knowledge on Nutritional programs.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1. To assess the pre-test level of Knowledge regarding Government Nutritional Programme for Children among Anganwadi workers in selected rural areas at Wankaner.

2. To evaluate the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Government Nutritional Programme for Children among Anganwadi workers in selected rural areas at Wankaner.

3. To find out the Association between selected demographic variable and pre-test level of Knowledge regarding Government Nutritional Programme among Anganwadi workers in selected rural areas at Wankaner.

HYPOTHESES:

H₁: There is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test levels of Knowledge regarding Government Nutritional Programme for Children among Anganwadi workers in selected rural areas at Wankaner.

H₂: There is a significant Association between selected demographic variable and pre-test level of Knowledge regarding Government Nutritional Programme among Anganwadi workers in selected rural areas at Wankaner.

MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY:

RESEARCH APPROACH:

Quantitative research approach.

RESEARCH DESIGN:

A pre-experimental study – one group pre-test and post-test design.

VARIABLES:

· Independent variable: Structured Teaching Programme regarding Government Nutritional Programme for Children among Anganwadi workers in selected rural areas.

· Dependant variable: Level of Knowledge regarding Government Nutritional Programme for Children among Anganwadi workers in selected rural areas.

SETTING OF THE STUDY:

Setting is the physical location and conduction in which data collection takes place. The study was conducted in Anganwadi centre in Kothi, Wankaner.

The criteria for selected the setting were geographical proximity, feasibility of conducted the study and availability of samples written permission was obtained from the CDPO Wankaner, for conducting the study.

Anganwadi centers provide supplementary nutrition, non-formal preschool education, nutrition, immunization, health check-up and referral services/

POPULATION:

Target population: The target population of study was Anganwadi workers.

Accessible population: Anganwadi workers who were available at the time of data collection in selected rural areas.

SAMPLE:

Sample of the study comprised Anganwadi workers in selected rural areas in Wankaner, who were fulfilled the inclusion criteria selected for the stu

SAMPLE SIZE:

The sample size was 40 Anganwadi workers

SAMPLING TEHCNIQUE:

The sample was selected by using non probability convenient sampling technique.

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION: the collected data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics.

MAJOR FINDING OF THE STUDY:

Findings related to demographic variables of the study

1. The majority of 15 (37.5%) samples age is below 20 yrs.

2. The majority of 14 (35%) samples are primary education.

3. The majority of 28 (70%) samples are belongs to urban area.

4. The majority of 25 (62.5%) samples are married.

5. The majority of 21 (52.5%) samples are 1-3 year of experience

6. The majority of 30 (56.25%) samples are previous information regarding mass media & collegians.

The Comparison difference between the pretest and post-test level of Knowledge regarding Government Nutritional Program among Anganwadi workers, the mean score of pretest level of Knowledge 13.4 and SD value was 5.1. The mean score of post-test level of Knowledge was 23.8 and the SD value was 3.7. The Mean difference was 10.4. The obtained’ value t=10.45 which was highly significant at p<0.001 level (df =39, table value was p=3.232)

Hence, there is significant difference between the pretest and post-test level of Knowledge regarding Government Nutritional Program among Anganwadi workers in selected rural areas. Therefore the researcher rejected null hypothesis.

CONCLUSION:

This study was conducted to assess the level of Knowledge regarding the Government Nutritional Program for Children among Anganwadi workers in selected rural areas. The purposive sampling technique used for sample selection. The pre-test finding of the study suggested that there was a need for Structured Teaching Programme regarding the Government Nutritional Program for Children among Anganwadi workers in selected rural areas. Thus, the researcher concluded that the Structured Teaching Programme on Government Nutritional Program for Children was feasible and effective in increasing the Knowledge among Anganwadi workers in selected rural areas.

REFERENCES:

1. Basavanthappa B.T. (2007) “Community Health Nursing”, Published by Jaypee Brothers, 1^st Edition, Page no:345-350

2. K Park, (2015) “Community Health Nursing”, H/S Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers, Jabalpur, 20^th Edition, Page no:545,560,570

3. https;//www.researchgate.net/publication/333866257 National Nutrition Programmes in India

4. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1424 Child Survival and Development Programme

5. https://www.fao.org/3/a0244e/a0244e.pdfimprovingnutrition Programmes